“…mate aim, and (c) is proportionate to achieving that legitimate aim (see Ashingdane v. United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 528 at [57], Z and others v. United Kingdom (2002) 34 EHRR 3 at [93], Alassini v. Telecom Italia SpA (Joined Cases C-317/08, C-301/08, C-319/08 and C-320/08) [2010] 3 CMLR 17 at [63], and Churchill v. Merthyr Tydfil [202…”
“…a systems duty on the state to take effective measures to prevent private acts of torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In Z v. United Kingdom (2002) 34 EHRR 3, the ECtHR said at [73] that article 3 enshrined “one of the most fundamental values of democratic society”, and that “[t]hese measures should provide effectiv…”