“…eedings heard by Phillips J. All the claims involved only consumer cards, not commercial/business cards. The judgments are reported as [2016] CAT 11 (the CAT), [2017] EWHC 93 (Comm) (Popplewell J) and [2017] EWHC 3047 (Comm) and [2018] EWHC 355 (Comm) (Phillips J in each instance).…”
“…urt. Fundamentally, the process is evidence driven, and it is difficult to be very prescriptive. As Popplewell J noted in Asda Stores Limited v Mastercard Inc, [2017] EWHC 93 (Comm) at [306], “the court takes a pragmatic approach”.…”