“…iquidation) v MA (UK) Ltd [1997] 1 WLR 1613. Consistently with this approach, Phillips LJ described the non-party underwriters in TGA Chapman Ltd v Christopher [1998] 1 WLR 12 as "the defendants in all but name". Nor, indeed, is it necessary that the non-party be "the only real party" to the litigation in the sense explained in Knigh…”
“…These principles, says Mr Philipps, derive from a series of cases. They are: TGA Chapman Ltd v Christopher [1998] 1 WLR 12; Citibank NA v Excess Insurance Co Ltd [1999] 1 Lloyd’s Rep IR 122; Cormack v Excess Insurance Co Ltd [2002] Lloyd’s Rep IR 398; Palmer v Palmer [2008] EWCA Ci…”
“…urance industry, but whether a case is extraordinary in the context of the whole range of litigation that comes before the court: TGA Chapman Ltd v Christopher [1998] 1 WLR 12, 20; Dymocks Franchise Systems (NSW) Pty Ltd v Todd [2004] 1 WLR 2807 at [25]. In that same paragraph of the latter case Lord Brown said:…”