“…This test has been reiterated by the European Court of Human Rights in later cases: see Carson v United Kingdom (2010) 51 EHRR 13, para 61; Andrejeva v Latvia (2010) 51 EHRR 28, para 81; Stummer v Austria (2012) 54 EHRR 11, paras 81-83; Vrontou v Cyprus (2017) 65 EHRR 31, paras 62-64. It was adopted by the House of Lords in R (RJM) v …”
“…This statement has been reiterated in later cases: see e.g. Carson v United Kingdom (2010) 51 EHRR 13, para 61; Andrejeva v Latvia (2010) 51 EHRR 28, para 83; Fábián v Hungary [2017] ECHR 744, para 115.…”
“…This approach has been reiterated by the Grand Chamber in later cases: see Carson v United Kingdom (2010) 51 EHRR 13, para 61; Andrejeva v Latvia (2010) 51 EHRR 28, para 79; Stummer v Austria (2012) 54 EHRR 11, paras 81-83. It was adopted by the House of Lords in R (RJM) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2008] U…”