“…“The duty under article 4(3)EU is binding on all authorities of the member states, including the courts: see Masterfoods Ltd v HB Ice Cream Ltd (Case C-344/98) [2001] All ER (EC) 130; [2000]…”
“…ssion is contemplated but has not yet been made: see Delimitis v Henniger Brau AG (Case C-234/89) [1991] ECR I935, para 47; Masterfoods Ltd v HB Ice Cream Ltd (Case C-344/98) [2001] All ER (EC) 130; [2000] ECR I-11369, para 49; Emerald Supplies Ltd v British Airways plc (Nos 1 & 2) [2015] EWCA Civ 1024; [2016] Bus LR 145, para 70. …”