“…s a breach of the contract of carriage: Glyn Mills Currie & Co v East and West India Dock Co (1882) 7 App Cas 591; Sze Hai Tong Bank Ltd v Rambler Cycle Co Ltd [1959] AC 576; and, for a recent example, see Unicredit Bank AG v Euronav NV [2023] EWCA Civ 471 at [45]. Liability is strict, with no need for the bill of lading holder to …”
“… and that it does so at its own peril in exposing itself to suit from the lawful holder: Glyn Mills Currie at 610; Sze Hai Tong Bank Ltd v Rambler Cycle Co Ltd [1959] AC 576, 586; Kuwait Petroleum Corporation v I & D Oil Carriers Ltd (The Houda) [1994] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 541, 552, 553, 556-7; Motis Exports Ltd v Dampskibsselskabet AF 19…”