“…of lading holder to prove a failure of due diligence or reasonable care on the part of the carrier: Motis Exports Ltd v Dampskibsselskabet AF 1912 Aktieselskab [2000] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 211. Such liability can only be excluded by clear words: Motis Exports at [5] of the judgment of Lord Justice Mance.…”
“…I & D Oil Carriers Ltd (The Houda) [1994] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 541, 552, 553, 556-7; Motis Exports Ltd v Dampskibsselskabet AF 1912 A/S [1999] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 837, 840; [2000] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 211 at [19]. As these authorities make clear, this is a contractual obligation, not an incident of the bill as a document of title: the contract is to deliver to t…”