“…ts “ratio decidendi”. The ratio is the legal principle which is necessary to explain the outcome of that earlier case on its facts: see e.g. Jazztel plc v HMRC [2022] EWCA Civ 232; [2022] Ch 403, para. 136 (Singh LJ). That this Court should be bound by its own previous decisions in that sense is important, not least because it serves the…”